帕米尔高原Rushan-Pshart古特提斯洋或中特提斯洋争论的岩石地球化学证据     

徐天德  王世锋  汤文坤  姚鑫 《地质科学》2020,(1):218-233

帕米尔高原上广泛分布的加里东期火山岩,印支期火山岩与燕山期火山岩被认为是块体依次向北俯冲拼贴到欧亚板块上的产物。特别是燕山期火山岩被认为是Rushan-Pshart中特提斯洋闭合的产物。但近年来地层古生物、火山岩证据不断表明Rushan-Pshart洋闭合时间在晚三叠一早侏罗世,由此限定Rushan-Pshart古特提斯洋性质,而帕米尔高原上广泛分布的燕山期火山岩是更南部的Shyok中特提斯洋闭合的产物。目前,中国境内Rushan-Pshart缝合带属性的研究工作展开较晚,研究程度较低。我们对塔什库尔干明铁盖沟一线燕山期火山岩带展开的工作发现零星分布的印支期花岗岩。印支期花岗岩错石U・Pb年龄显示岩体侵位时间在201 Ma左右。全岩主量元素特征表明岩石为I型高钾钙碱性闪长花岗岩;稀土元素在球粒陨石标准化图解中呈轻稀土元素相对富集,重稀土元素相对亏损的右倾海鸥型。明铁盖岩体的微量元素显示大离子亲石元素明显富集,而高场强元素明显亏损。稀土微量元素特征倾向花岗岩属性为岛弧型花岗岩,Sr-Nd-Hf同位素比值特征显示岩体形成于下地壳部分熔融环境。岩体的地化特征表明岩体形成的构造环境为板块汇聚的洋壳俯冲阶段,结合区域地质特征,我们将花岗岩体归为Rushan-Pshart古特提斯洋壳俯冲消减的产物。Rushan-Pshart缝合带传统上认为是中特提斯带,近年的研究进展认为其为古特提斯缝合带,本文的工作支持这种观点。Rushan-Pshart古特提斯缝合带的确立对帕米尔高原与青藏高原主体的块体对比提供了可信的对比方案,并对青藏高原新生代陆内变形方式的争论提供了可靠的证据。  相似文献   

Storm-induced turbidity currents on a sediment-starved shelf: Insight from direct monitoring and repeat seabed mapping of upslope migrating bedforms     

Alexandre Normandeau  Daniel Bourgault  Urs Neumeier  Patrick Lajeunesse  Guillaume St-Onge  Louis Gostiaux  Cédric Chavanne 《Sedimentology》2020,67(2):1045-1068

The monitoring of turbidity currents enables accurate internal structure and timing of these flows to be understood. Without monitoring, triggers of turbidity currents often remain hypothetical and are inferred from sedimentary structures of deposits and their age. In this study, the bottom currents within 20 m of the seabed in one of the Pointe-des-Monts (Gulf of St. Lawrence, eastern Canada) submarine canyons were monitored for two consecutive years using Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers. In addition, multibeam bathymetric surveys were carried out during deployment of the Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers and recovery operations. These new surveys, along with previous multibeam surveys carried out over the last decade, revealed that crescentic bedforms have migrated upslope by about 20 to 40 m since 2007, despite the limited supply of sediment on the shelf or river inflow in the region. During the winter of 2017, two turbidity currents with velocities reaching 0·5 m sec⁻¹ and 2·0 m sec⁻¹, respectively, were recorded and were responsible for the rapid (<1 min) upstream migration of crescentic bedforms measured between the autumn surveys of 2016 and 2017. The 200 kg (in water) mooring was also displaced 10 m down-canyon, up the stoss side of a bedform, suggesting that a dense basal layer could be driving the flow during the first minute of the event. Two other weaker turbidity currents with speeds <0·5 m sec⁻¹ occurred, but did not lead to any significant change on the seabed. These four turbidity currents coincided with strong and sustained wind speed >60 km h⁻¹ and higher than normal wave heights. Repeat seabed mapping suggests that the turbidity currents cannot be attributed to a canyon-wall slope failure. Rather, sustained windstorms triggered turbidity currents either by remobilizing limited volumes of sediment on the shelf or by resuspending sediment in the canyon head. Turbidity currents can thus be triggered when the sediment volume available is limited, likely by eroding and incorporating canyon thalweg sediment in the flow, thereby igniting the flow. This process appears to be particularly important for the generation of turbidity currents capable of eroding the lee side of upslope migrating bedforms in sediment-starved environments and might have wider implications for the activity of submarine canyons worldwide. In addition, this study suggests that a large external trigger (in this case storms) is required to initiate turbidity currents in sediment-starved environments, which contrasts with supply-dominated environments where turbidity currents are sometimes recorded without a clear triggering mechanism.  相似文献   

双座串联大跨度斜拉桥粘滞阻尼器参数分析          下载免费PDF全文

沈文爱  黄鸣柳  朱宏平  何友娣  张强 《世界地震工程》2020,(4):155-162

以双座串联大跨度斜拉桥-珠海洪鹤大桥为背景，根据桥梁自振特性及场地效应，生成了三组人工波，采用纵向+2/3竖向的地震作用组合输入方式，通过非线性时程分析，系统的研究了粘滞阻尼器对双座串联大跨度斜拉桥减震性能的影响。同时为了确定粘滞阻尼器的最优参数，对粘滞阻尼器的阻尼系数C和速度指数α进行了参数敏感性分析。结果表明:设置纵向粘滞阻尼器能够显著减小双座串联斜拉桥的纵向位移响应，减小主梁在串联处发生碰撞的概率，同时改善主塔塔底结构受力情况，具有良好的耗能减震效果。综合考虑安全性、适用性和经济性等方面，最后给出针对洪鹤大桥的最优粘滞阻尼器参数:速度指数α为0.3，阻尼系数C为3 000kN/（m/s）^0.3。  相似文献   

甘肃迭部地区地质遗迹资源类型与开发利用及保护     

李小强  闫少波  脱世博  王军  任文秀  刘明强  李通国 《地质论评》2020,66(6):1719-1728

通过调查研究发现甘肃迭部地区地质遗迹资源涵盖3大类7类13亚类，尤以碳酸盐岩（岩溶地貌）、峡谷及冰川地貌等资源最为典型。区内数量繁多且独具特色的地质遗迹资源，是对中生代以来青藏高原东北缘地区沉积地层演化与区域构造—气候耦合过程中的重要地质事件的灵敏反映与记录者。提出了以政府引导与规范管理、协调统一与科学规划及品牌宣传的保护与开发利用建议，可为政府对迭部地区旅游产业整体规划、发展、决策和生态环境保护等提供依据，为开发这一地区的旅游资源提供引导。  相似文献   

Enhancement of backtracking search algorithm for identifying soil parameters     

Yin-Fu Jin  Zhen-Yu Yin 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(9):1239-1261

In this paper, an enhanced backtracking search algorithm (so-called MBSA-LS) for parameter identification is proposed with two modifications: (a) modifying the mutation of original backtracking search algorithm (BSA) considering the contribution of current best individual for accelerating convergence speed and (b) novelly incorporating an efficient differential evolution (DE) as local search for improving the quality of population. The proposed MBSA-LS is first validated with better performance than the original BSA and some other typical state-of-the-art optimization algorithms on a benchmark of soil parameter identification in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and robustness. Then, the efficiency of the MBSA-LS is further illustrated by two representative cases: identifying soil parameters from both laboratory tests and field measurements. All comparisons demonstrate that the proposed MBSA-LS algorithm can give accurate results in a short time. Finally, to conveniently solve the problems of parameter identification, a practical tool ErosOpt for parameter identification is developed by integrating the proposed MBSA-LS and some other efficient algorithms for readers to conduct the parameter identification using optimisation algorithms.  相似文献   

浅析广安华蓥山区山水林田湖综合治理措施——以高顶山矿区为例     

李飞  裴云婧  王维  李德星  张春茂 《四川地质学报》2020,40(1):80-85

高顶山矿区位于广安华蓥市城区东南约5km处。长期的采矿活动,导致区内矿山地质环境问题突出,严重影响华蓥山地区人民的生命财产安全。矿山地质环境问题亟待解决。本文通过分析区内主要存在的矿山地质环境问题,提出通过矿山地质灾害、矿山土地恢复、矿山地形地貌景观恢复治理,河道综合整治、道路修复、生态保育、产业提升等措施;消除安全隐患,保障区内人民生命财产安全;改善生态环境,实现华蓥山地区生态环境全面恢复,生态环境质量提升,提高环境承载力,实现区内"山青、水秀、林美、田良"的目标。并对区内的产业转型升级进行了探讨,提出将高顶山矿区建设成具有科普和教育价值的旅游景观目的地;利用矿区独具特色工业人文景观和别致的自然景观,将高顶山矿区建设成集"科普、休闲、康养、户外、探秘"五大功能于一体的矿山公园,推动矿业经济转型升级,促进产业结构转型和经济社会可持续发展。  相似文献   

断层附近地应力扰动带宽度及其影响因素   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

翁剑桥  曾联波  吕文雅  刘奇  祖克威 《地质力学学报》2020,26(1):39-47

在建立正断层模型的基础上，利用三维有限元数值模拟方法研究了断层附近地层中的地应力变化规律。其结果表明，由于断层活动，在断层附近普遍发育应力扰动带；在应力扰动带范围内，地应力方向和大小发生明显的变化，断层中部附近应力值普遍较低，而断层端部的应力值通常异常增大。应力扰动带的分布范围主要受断层规模的控制，与断裂带的岩石力学性质、断层走向、断层面形态和边界应力条件等因素也密切相关。随断层长度和断距逐步增大，应力扰动带的宽度相应增加。断裂带的岩石越破碎，其岩石弹性模量越低，断层对地应力的影响宽度越大。断层走向与区域最大水平主应力方向越接近垂直、断距与断层长度的比值越大，区域内的差应力越大，则扰动带宽度与断层规模的比值也越大。选择渤海湾盆地BZ-X油田进行验证，在建立油田实际三维地质模型基础上，根据边界应力条件，利用三维有限元方法对沙河街组二段的地应力分布进行了数值模拟计算。根据断层周围的地应力变化，确定了应力扰动带的分布范围，断层附近应力扰动带宽度的分布规律与正断层模型分析结果相一致。   相似文献   

Response to the paper by H. Zia,B. Lecampion “Explicit versus implicit front advancing schemes for the simulation of hydraulic fracture growth” (Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 2019, 43 (6), 1300–1315)     

Aleksandr Linkov 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(16):2254-2259

The response presents three comments, which (i) explain theoretical background for the success of the explicit front advancing scheme by Zia and Lecampion (comment 1), (ii) suggest possible extensions (comment 2), and (iii) pay attention on expected limitations of the scheme to be checked by the authors in numerical experiments (comment 3). The response does not intend to present novel results: it is entirely based on known results published in the references cited.  相似文献   

2016与1998年春季北大西洋海表温度异常的差异及成因     

薛文璟  余锦华  陈林 《热带海洋学报》2020,39(3):19-30

利用再分析资料以及混合层海温诊断方程, 研究1997—1998与2015—2016年超级厄尔尼诺次年北大西洋海表温度异常(sea surface temperature anomalies, SSTA)的差异及成因。结果显示, 北大西洋SSTA在1998年春季呈明显正负正三极型式分布, 而在2016年呈弱的负正负型态。诊断热带北大西洋SSTA的影响因素表明, 1998年春季暖SSTA除了之前研究强调的海洋表面向大气的潜热输送异常减少, 以及吸收太阳辐射的增加外, 海洋动力过程即Ekman纬向漂流也起着重要的作用。热力过程与厄尔尼诺峰值后出现的北大西洋涛动(North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO)负位相有关, 其可引起亚速尔高压减弱, 产生西南风异常, 通过风-蒸发-海表温度(sea surface temperature, SST)反馈机制使热带北大西洋蒸发减弱, 海表增暖, 沃克环流下沉支的东移对这一增暖也有贡献。与1997—1998厄尔尼诺事件不同, 2015—2016厄尔尼诺事件没有强迫出负位相NAO, 而是出现弱NAO正位相, 热带北大西洋为弱的东风异常, 使海表发生一定的冷却, 形成2016春季北大西洋SSTA与1998年的明显差异。  相似文献   

我国滨海湿地生态修复领域规范的现状与分析     

胡雪红  张立  周炎武  何伟宏 《热带海洋学报》2020,39(6):131-139

滨海湿地是地球上十分重要的一类生态系统, 可为人类社会提供诸如调节气候、降解污染、碳汇氮汇等众多生态服务功能。近年来, 由于气候变化和围填海等开发活动的影响, 我国滨海湿地面积锐减, 功能退化, 面临多种生态问题。为应对滨海湿地退化及日益凸显的生态环境问题, 滨海湿地保护和修复工作逐渐受到重视, 滨海湿地生态修复工程项目的数量和规模也随之急剧增加。滨海湿地生态修复技术规范对滨海湿地生态修复工作具有重要意义, 然而我国滨海湿地生态修复领域规范体系尚不完善, 导致滨海湿地生态修复项目实施无序以及生态修复成效低等问题。本文全面搜集了我国滨海湿地生态修复领域规范, 对检索到的规范进行分类统计与分析, 从而揭示其存在的问题, 主要包括规范体系系统性不足、生态修复理念滞后、规范之间缺乏协调性、规范可操作性差、规范更新迟滞等。针对存在的问题提出了相应的对策建议, 为完善我国滨海湿地生态修复领域规范体系、不断推进我国生态文明建设进程提供参考。  相似文献